Emerging COVID-19 Variants: Understanding The FLiRT Family And Their Impact

A new coronavirus variant is rising to dominance across the U.S. as experts are warning of a potential summer wave of COVID-19 cases. This latest development highlights the ongoing evolution of the virus and its variants, which continue to pose challenges for public health. Among these variants, one notable group is known as the FLiRT variants, named for their unique mutations in the spike proteins that facilitate infection.

In May, the variant KP.2 emerged as the most dominant strain of SARS-CoV-2, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, since early June, the variant KP.3 has taken precedence, now representing approximately 25% of COVID-19 cases in the United States. Meanwhile, KP.2 remains a close competitor with a presence of 22.5%. The rapid spread of these variants raises important questions about their potential impact on public health and vaccination efforts.

So, should we be concerned about these new variants? Experts emphasize the need for continued vigilance and monitoring of these strains. Both KP.2 and KP.3 belong to the FLiRT family of variants, which are descendants of the JN.1 subvariant, the major viral lineage from the previous winter. Epidemiologist Adrian Esterman explains that this new class of variants is evolving in ways that could affect their transmissibility and the effectiveness of existing vaccines.

Adrian Esterman highlights that the KP.3 variant features an additional mutation known as F456L, located in its spike protein. This mutation enhances the virus's ability to bind to ACE2 receptors, increasing its infectivity. Such changes indicate that KP.3 is becoming the dominant strain, prompting experts to consider the implications for vaccination strategies.

Despite the emergence of these new variants, there is some reassurance regarding vaccinations. The current vaccine, based on the XBB.1.5 strain, may still offer cross-immunity against the FLiRT variants. Nevertheless, a new vaccine tailored to either JN.1 or one of the FLiRT subvariants is expected to be available by September, promising better protection against these evolving strains.

In terms of disease severity, experts like William Schaffner from Vanderbilt University suggest that the FLiRT variants do not currently lead to severe illness. However, the unpredictable nature of viral mutations means that constant observation and readiness are essential. The CDC has outlined key symptoms of COVID-19, which remain relevant to monitor in the context of these new variants.

• Fever or chills
• Cough
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
• Muscle or body aches
• Headache
• Loss of taste or smell
• Sore throat
• Runny nose
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea

As COVID-19 infections rise in the U.S., it is imperative to continue monitoring these variants closely. Prominent virologist Lawrence Young emphasizes the importance of ongoing surveillance to understand the spread of these new strains. As we navigate the evolving landscape of COVID-19, staying informed and prepared is crucial for public health.

For anyone concerned about health issues, the opportunity to reach out for expert advice remains open. Your experiences can contribute to broader discussions and awareness regarding COVID-19 and its variants. Remember that health is a community effort, and sharing knowledge can empower others during these uncertain times.

Update 06/13/2024 05:05 a.m. ET: This article was updated to include exclusive comments from Professor Esterman.